[Info-vax] Intel junk...Kernel-memory-leaking Intel processor design flaw forces Linux, Windows redesign

[Wolf K]

On 2018-01-09 10:12, Paul wrote:
[...]
> It's pretty hard to do what the leaf does.
> 
> http://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/plants-use-quantum-mechanics-to-make-photosynthesis-more-efficient/ 
> 
> 
> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_biology
> 
> https://www.livescience.com/37746-plants-use-quantum-physics.html
> 
>     Paul

True. [Light + CO2  ---> Carbohydrate] is difficult. But the first step 
of that conversion is [2H2O --> 2H2 + O2]. Daniel Nocera of MIT thinks 
that using a "leaf" based on solar panel tech to generate H2 will enable 
storage of solar energy. If the process is cheap enough, then even if 
it's not much more efficient than a plant leaf, it could make hydrogen a 
viable fuel. But note the last paragraph of this article.

 From New Scientist, 2011 March 28:

-------------------------------------------------------
Why come up with new ways to generate clean energy, when we can copy 
what plants have been doing for millennia?

Daniel Nocera and colleagues at the Massachusetts Institute of 
Technology claim to have done just that - developing the first practical 
artificial leaf that mimics photosynthesis.

The leaf, actually a cheap, playing-card-sized solar cell that uses 
energy from sunlight to generate electricity to split water into 
hydrogen and oxygen, was presented yesterday at a meeting of the 
American Chemical Society in Anaheim, California. The hydrogen and 
oxygen produced could then be fed into a fuel cell, to generate 
electricity when it's needed.

In 2008 Nocera coated a low-cost indium-tin-oxide electrode in a 
combination of cobalt and phosphate to catalyse the water-splitting process.

Last year the team revealed an even cheaper water-splitting device based 
on a cobalt and nickel-borate-based electrode. In tests their artificial 
leaf, based on that cobalt-nickel electrode, operated continuously for 
over 45 hours without a drop in production.

By using cheap, abundant materials, Nocera hopes to ultimately develop a 
device that could power a home in the developing world for a day using 
just 4 litres of water. His company, Sun Catalytix, in Cambridge, 
Massachusetts, is attempting to commercialise the artificial 
photosynthesis technology.

Indian firm Tata has already signed Nocera up to help develop a 
mini-power plant based on his technology.

The breakthrough comes as four research teams from the UK and US have 
today been awarded $10.3 million in funding to improve the process of 
natural photosynthesis. The teams are looking at technologies to 
overcome limitations in photosynthesis such as natural bottlenecks in 
the chemical process. They hope the work could lead to ways of 
increasing the yield of important crops for food production or 
sustainable bioenergy.
--------------------------------------------------------

I found three other articles about artificial leaves in ew Scientists (I 
subscribe). The general approach seems to be emulate, not replicate, the 
  energy conversions in a leaf. Emulation open the door to higher 
conversion efficiencies than plants achieve.

-- 
Wolf K
kirkwood40.blogspot.com
"The next conference for the time travel design team will be held two 
weeks ago."