[Info-vax] Intel junk...Kernel-memory-leaking Intel processor design flaw forces Linux, Windows redesign

[Paul]

Wolf K wrote:
> On 2018-01-09 10:12, Paul wrote:
> [...]
>> It's pretty hard to do what the leaf does.
>>
>> http://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/plants-use-quantum-mechanics-to-make-photosynthesis-more-efficient/ 
>>
>>
>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_biology
>>
>> https://www.livescience.com/37746-plants-use-quantum-physics.html
>>
>>     Paul
> 
> True. [Light + CO2  ---> Carbohydrate] is difficult. But the first step 
> of that conversion is [2H2O --> 2H2 + O2]. Daniel Nocera of MIT thinks 
> that using a "leaf" based on solar panel tech to generate H2 will enable 
> storage of solar energy. If the process is cheap enough, then even if 
> it's not much more efficient than a plant leaf, it could make hydrogen a 
> viable fuel. But note the last paragraph of this article.
> 
>  From New Scientist, 2011 March 28:
> 
> -------------------------------------------------------
> Why come up with new ways to generate clean energy, when we can copy 
> what plants have been doing for millennia?
> 
> Daniel Nocera and colleagues at the Massachusetts Institute of 
> Technology claim to have done just that - developing the first practical 
> artificial leaf that mimics photosynthesis.
> 
> The leaf, actually a cheap, playing-card-sized solar cell that uses 
> energy from sunlight to generate electricity to split water into 
> hydrogen and oxygen, was presented yesterday at a meeting of the 
> American Chemical Society in Anaheim, California. The hydrogen and 
> oxygen produced could then be fed into a fuel cell, to generate 
> electricity when it's needed.
> 
> In 2008 Nocera coated a low-cost indium-tin-oxide electrode in a 
> combination of cobalt and phosphate to catalyse the water-splitting 
> process.
> 
> Last year the team revealed an even cheaper water-splitting device based 
> on a cobalt and nickel-borate-based electrode. In tests their artificial 
> leaf, based on that cobalt-nickel electrode, operated continuously for 
> over 45 hours without a drop in production.
> 
> By using cheap, abundant materials, Nocera hopes to ultimately develop a 
> device that could power a home in the developing world for a day using 
> just 4 litres of water. His company, Sun Catalytix, in Cambridge, 
> Massachusetts, is attempting to commercialise the artificial 
> photosynthesis technology.
> 
> Indian firm Tata has already signed Nocera up to help develop a 
> mini-power plant based on his technology.
> 
> The breakthrough comes as four research teams from the UK and US have 
> today been awarded $10.3 million in funding to improve the process of 
> natural photosynthesis. The teams are looking at technologies to 
> overcome limitations in photosynthesis such as natural bottlenecks in 
> the chemical process. They hope the work could lead to ways of 
> increasing the yield of important crops for food production or 
> sustainable bioenergy.
> --------------------------------------------------------
> 
> I found three other articles about artificial leaves in ew Scientists (I 
> subscribe). The general approach seems to be emulate, not replicate, the 
>  energy conversions in a leaf. Emulation open the door to higher 
> conversion efficiencies than plants achieve.
> 

The interesting thing from the quantum physics articles I
listed, was the mention of 95% efficiency. That's just
for a sub-process, with none of the other issues optimized.
So the quantum part, works a treat.

There was one other article, about a tropical begonia with
purple leaves. And the purple color, comes from the enhanced
quantum physics. The purple is almost mirror-like. That particular
plant achieves photosynthesis in low-light conditions (under
a forest canopy).

It could be other parts of the process that drop the
overall efficiency below the 95% level.

A straight catalyst approach, I wonder how it attains the
energy to split water ? I suppose that will be in their paper
when its published.

    Paul